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KULR Plans to Raise Up to $300M to Fuel Bitcoin Purchases

What is Ethereum? Ethereum is a decentralized, open-source blockchain platform that enables developers to build and deploy smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). It was proposed in late 2013 and development began in early 2014, spearheaded by Vitalik Buterin and other co-founders including Gavin Wood, Joseph Lubin, and others. Ethereum aims to go beyond Bitcoin’s original purpose of a digital currency by offering a programmable blockchain. At its core, Ethereum allows anyone to create self-executing contracts with the terms directly written into code, enabling trustless agreements without intermediaries. --- Key Concepts 1. Blockchain Ethereum operates on a blockchain — a distributed ledger maintained by a network of nodes (computers) around the world. Each block contains transaction data and links cryptographically to the previous block, creating a secure, tamper-resistant chain. 2. Smart Contracts Smart contracts are automated scripts stored on the Ethereum blockchain. They execute automatically when predetermined conditions are met, enabling: Trustless agreements Automated transactions Decentralized applications (dApps) Smart contracts are written primarily in Solidity, Ethereum’s programming language. 3. Ether (ETH) Ether (ETH) is the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network. It serves two main purposes: Fuel: Ether is used to pay "gas fees" required to execute smart contracts and transactions. Store of value and currency: It can be used for peer-to-peer payments and as an investment. --- History & Evolution 2013: Vitalik Buterin publishes the Ethereum whitepaper. 2014: Ethereum project launched with a successful crowdfunding Initial Coin Offering (ICO), raising over $18 million. 2015: Ethereum mainnet officially launches. 2016: The DAO hack leads to a contentious hard fork, creating two networks: Ethereum (ETH): The new chain where the hack was reversed. Ethereum Classic (ETC): The original chain that continued without reversal. 2020-2022: Ethereum transitions from Proof of Work (PoW) to Proof of Stake (PoS) via “Ethereum 2.0” upgrades, culminating in the Merge in September 2022. --- Ethereum 2.0 and The Merge Ethereum initially used Proof of Work mining like Bitcoin, which is energy-intensive. Ethereum 2.0 introduces a Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, where validators stake ETH to secure the network instead of mining. The Merge in 2022 combined Ethereum’s original execution layer with the new PoS consensus layer (the Beacon Chain), drastically reducing energy consumption by ~99.95% and improving scalability and security. --- Ecosystem and Use Cases 1. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Ethereum is the backbone of DeFi — platforms offering decentralized financial services like lending, borrowing, trading, and yield farming without traditional banks. Popular DeFi projects on Ethereum include: Uniswap (decentralized exchange) Aave (lending/borrowing) Compound (money markets) 2. Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) Ethereum pioneered NFTs — unique digital assets representing art, collectibles, game items, and more. NFT standards like ERC-721 and ERC-1155 were developed for minting and managing NFTs on Ethereum. 3. Decentralized Applications (dApps) Ethereum supports thousands of dApps across gaming, social media, marketplaces, and beyond. Developers leverage its programmable blockchain to build trustless systems. 4. Enterprise & Private Blockchains Many enterprises use Ethereum or Ethereum-based frameworks like Quorum or Hyperledger Besu for private or consortium blockchains in supply chain, finance, and identity. --- Technical Features Gas: Ethereum transactions and smart contracts require gas, paid in ETH, to compensate validators and prevent spam. ERC Standards: Ethereum Request for Comments (ERC) define technical standards for tokens and smart contracts: ERC-20: Fungible tokens ERC-721: NFTs ERC-1155: Multi-token standard Virtual Machine: The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) runs smart contract code on every node, ensuring consistent execution. --- Challenges & Criticisms Scalability: Ethereum’s original network faced congestion and high gas fees during peak usage. Complexity: Smart contract coding has risks like bugs and vulnerabilities (e.g., DAO hack). Competition: Other blockchains like Solana, Binance Smart Chain, and Avalanche offer faster or cheaper alternatives. Ethereum is actively evolving solutions like Layer 2 scaling (Optimistic Rollups, zk-Rollups) to address throughput and cost issues. --- The Future of Ethereum Ethereum’s roadmap includes: Sharding: Splitting the blockchain into smaller parts ("shards") to increase transaction throughput. Improved scalability and interoperability with Layer 2 solutions. Continued adoption in DeFi, NFTs, DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations), and Web3 (decentralized web). Ethereum is widely regarded as the foundational infrastructure for the decentralized internet, with a vibrant developer community and ecosystem. --- Summary Ethereum is a decentralized, programmable blockchain enabling smart contracts and dApps. Its native token, Ether (ETH), fuels network operations. Transitioned from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake in 2022 for energy efficiency. Powering DeFi, NFTs, and a broad range of decentralized applications. Faces scalability challenges but innovates with Layer 2 and sharding. Continues to shape the future of decentralized technology and finance. $ETH

Global technology and entertainment giant Sony is making a major push into Web3, announcing the launch of “Soneium For All,” a blockchain incubator for its new Ethereum Layer-2 network, Soneium. The program, set to begin in the third quarter of 2025, is designed to fuel the development of new consumer and gaming applications on its platform. Created by Sony Block Solutions Labs (SBSL), the incubator will provide critical support to developers building on Soneium’s Minato testnet. According to the announcement, selected projects will be eligible for up to $100,000 in funding, with further investment opportunities available through a network of partner firms. Related: Sony’s Soneium: A New Layer-2 Solution for Ethereum The Soneium network is built using the Optimism OP Stack, a popular, scalable, and cost-efficient Layer-2 solution designed to lower the barrier to entry for developers transitioning from traditional Web2 systems into the blockchain space. The incubator is launching with the backing of several Web3 industry leaders. Circle, Alchemy, Chainlink, The Graph, and Optimism have all signed on as partners to provide technical guidance and integration support to the incubated projects. The platform’s Minato testnet is also supported by Astar Network, which is providing liquidity and a range of digital assets for developers to build and test their applications. This venture is a significant step in Sony’s broader exploration of blockchain technology. The company operates a global empire that spans gaming, entertainment, music, and electronics, with over 900 million active devices worldwide; a massive potential user base for future decentralized applications built on Soneium. Related: Sony’s Soneium Blockchain Project Hit by Google Ad Phishing Scam Ryohei Suzuki, a Director at Sony Block Solutions Labs, stated that the program’s goal is to reduce entry barriers for developers and improve user access to blockchain technology. He emphasized that the incubator is part of a long-term strategy to drive deeper engagement with blockchain across global development communities. The project is also supported by Startale, a Web3 infrastructure provider, and the Sony Innovation Fund. Disclaimer: The information presented in this article is for informational and educational purposes only. The article does not constitute financial advice or advice of any kind. Coin Edition is not responsible for any losses incurred as a result of the utilization of content, products, or services mentioned. Readers are advised to exercise caution before taking any action related to the company.

This week, the crypto markets brace for synchronized token unlocks from Aptos (APT), Starknet (STRK), and Immutable X (IMX) — three projects in vastly different sectors, but all facing the same test: How does the market absorb new supply in uncertain times? APT (Aptos): A Developer’s Dilemma APT is releasing millions in tokens, primarily to its team and early investors. With hype around its "Move" language cooling, this unlock is less about distribution and more about decision-making: Will developers stay committed, or will early backers take profit and move on? STRK (Starknet): Unlocking Layer 2 Liquidity STRK's release adds fresh liquidity to one of Ethereum’s most anticipated scaling solutions. But with usage still ramping up and decentralization debates ongoing, the unlock could act as a stress test for community cohesion and long-term alignment. IMX (Immutable X): Incentivize or Oversaturate? IMX is set to distribute tokens for growth incentives. This could ignite activity across its gaming and NFT ecosystem — or add downward price pressure if recipients choose exits over engagement. It's a gamble between ecosystem fuel and market fatigue.

1 BTC=$108k 1 TAO=$400 Same supply, but 12 years separate them. One is THE decentralised gold, the other is THE decentralised intelligence fuel. If, like the vast majority of us, you believe that AI will dominate every part of society, why would you not hold even just 1 $TAO??