Ethereum can achieve quantum safety with zk-STARK tech

Dr. XinXin Fan, head of cryptography at IoTeX, has proposed using hash-based zero-knowledge technology to make Ethereum quantum-resistant. 

In a research paper titled *Enabling a Smooth Migration Towards Post-Quantum Security for Ethereum*, Dr. Fan and his co-authors highlighted zk-STARKs as a method to secure Ethereum while preserving user accessibility. 

The paper, awarded Best Paper at the 2024 International Conference for Blockchain, outlined vulnerabilities in the elliptical curve digital signature algorithms (ECDSA) used in blockchain systems. 

These algorithms could become susceptible to attacks by advanced quantum computing. 

“The way we are implementing this allows the user to use their current wallet, but we attach each transaction with a zero-knowledge proof that is quantum-safe,” Dr. Fan explained.

He emphasised balancing security and user experience to ensure a seamless transition to post-quantum standards. 

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has set 2035 as the deadline for adopting quantum-resistant measures, underlining the urgency of implementing such technologies.

Concerns about quantum computing's impact on cryptographic security have been rising. 

In October 2024, researchers at Shanghai University claimed to have breached a 22-bit key using a quantum computer. 

However, analysts clarified that modern encryption standards, employing keys of 2048 to 4096 bits, remain secure for now.

Although quantum computing does not pose an immediate threat, Dr. Fan’s research stresses the importance of proactive measures. 

At the time of reporting, the Ethereum price was $3,352.43.